The
Federal Reserve Bank of New York:
The
Federal Reserve Bank of New York:
A Fortress of Gold By Tom Klisz
Mich-Matist vol. XLVI no. 4 Fall 2010
I was recently reading a copy of the June 8th Numismatic News and the cover story about the flowing hair 1794 silver dollar which sold for a record $7,850,000 - displacing a 1933 gold $20 double eagle which held the record at 7.59 million when it was sold at a public auction in 2002.
Recently my wife Sherry and I were lucky enough to see that very 1933 coin, which is on display at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York . This coin and a host of other wonderful examples from Confederate half dollars to counterfeit bills are available for viewing at the Federal Reserve Bank. This display is sponsored by the American Numismatic Society and is a wonderful example of what our hobby is all about.
If you are planning a trip to New York City, the Federal Reserve should be on your list. The tours are free, and you must make an application one month in advance. You will receive a confirmation number and a date and time for your golden tour.
We began by presenting ID
and entering through the obligatory metal detector. At that point we were
allowed to peruse the money museum. We then were escorted to a short video
explaining the f
ederal
reserve system. We found ourselves ushered into elevators and lowered 80’ below
the surface of Manhattan to the bottom of the steel vault which is built on
bedrock, the only substructure which can support the weight of tons of gold. The
New York subway rumbled 20’ above us.
The gold bullion in the Federal Reserve Bank is part of the monetary reserves of foreign governments, central banks and official international organizations around the world. By 1905 most of the world’s major trading companies had adopted the gold standard as well. In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt imposed a ban on U.S. citizens buying, selling, or owning gold. Gold coins and certificates considered collector’s items were exempt from the prohibition. In August, 1974 President Ford repealed the prohibition on the public’s owning gold or engaging in gold transactions. Today no country bans private ownership of gold. As early as 2008, the Fed’s vault contained roughly 216 million troy ounces of gold valued at over 281 billion dollars at today’s price of gold. Each gold bar weighs 27.4 pounds and is valued at $520,000 at $1300 an ounce. Ninety- five percent of the gold stored at the federal reserve is foreign-owned with the United States owning only 5%. U.S. gold reserves are stored at Fort Knox, Kentucky, and elsewhere but the New York Fed has double the amount stored in Kentucky.
Why does the Fed store foreign gold? The answer is that the foreign gold is stored at the Fed because of the world’s confidence in its safety as well as services that the bank offers and its location in one of the world’s leading financial capitals.
How safe
is the golden hoard?
When the gold bars arrive by guarded armored trucks, they are remotely lowered
by special elevators that are operated by a specialist in a distant room. Armed
guards accompany the
gold to its final destination in the vault. The bank’s vaults are secured by the
bank’s own uniformed protection force. Twice a year, each federal officer must
qualify with a handgun, shotgun, and rifle. Most qualify as experts. All bank
exits can be sealed in less than 25 seconds in case of a threat. We asked about
9/11 and, yes, it was locked down. Several years ago shots were heard coming
from the direction of Wall Street two blocks away and again there was a
lockdown. There are no doors into the gold vault. Entry is through a narrow ten
foot passageway cut into a delicately balanced nine foot tall 90-ton steel
cylinder that revolves vertically in a 140 ton steel and concrete frame. The
vault is opened and closed by rotating the cylinder 90 degrees. An air tight and
water tight seal is achieved by lowering the slightly tapered cylinder 3/8” into
the frame like pushing a cork into a bottle. The cylinder is then secured in
place when two levers insert large bolts, four of which are recessed into each
side of the frame into the cylinder. It is a time lock and if locked inside you
only have 72 hours of air to breathe. There are 122 triple locked compartments
through which you can see and almost touch this midas hoard. Teams of “gold
stackers” work in shifts that allow them sufficient rest periods. The job also
has its hazards. To protect their feet from dropped bars, they must wear
lightweight but very strong magnesium shoe covers which cost $500.00 each.
Does the fed make any money for its services? The fed does not charge foreign countries for holding gold, but it levies a fee when gold enters, is moved within, or is shipped out of the vault. These funds are used to pay down the national debt. All compartments in the vaults are identified by a number, no names. The shape of the bar determines whether it was cast in this country or another country. American castings before 1986 are brick-shaped: 7” long, 3 5/8 “ wide and 1 5/8 “ to 1 ¾ “ thick. New castings and foreign castings are trapezoidal. Standard bars must be at least 99.5% pure gold. We saw dents in the tile floor where a stack of “bricks” had once fallen. Walls of gold gleamed down upon us. It was truly a king’s ransom.
If you would like to visit the gold vault in New York Federal Reserve Bank, tours are Monday through Friday except for bank holidays. Tours are: 9:30 AM, 10:30 AM, 11:30 AM, 1:30 PM, 2:30 PM, and 3:30 pm. The tour lasts about an hour. Up to 30 persons can go on each tour. You need a photo ID or a passport to enter and NO pictures are allowed. The address is 33 Liberty St. between Nassau and William Streets in downtown Manhattan. E-mail FRBNYtours@NY.FRB.org or phone: 212-720-6130.